A TPS collects and stores information about transactions, and controls some aspects of transactions. A transaction is an event of interest to the organisation.
A TPS is a basic business system. It:
· serves the most elementary day-to-day activities of an organisation;
· supports the operational level of the business;
· supplies data for higher-level management decisions.
· mostly for predefined, structured tasks
· can have strategic consequences (eg airline reservation system)
· usually has high volumes of input and output
· provides data which is summarised into information by systems used by higher levels of management
· need to be fault-tolerant.
On-line transaction processing: A transaction processing mode in which transactions entered on-line are immediately processed by the CPU.
2.Management information system (MIS)
converts TPS data into information for monitoring performance and managing an organisation. Transactions recorded in a TPS are analyzed and reported by an MIS.
They have large quantities of input data and they produce summary reports as output. Used by middle managers. An example is an annual budgeting system.
3.Decision support system (DSS)
helps strategic management staff (often senior managers) make decisions by providing information, models, or analysis tools. For support of semi structured and unstructured decisions (structured decisions can be automated). Used for analytical work, rather than general office support.
They are flexible, adaptable and quick. The user controls inputs and outputs. They support the decision process and often are sophisticated modeling tools so managers can make simulations and predictions.
4.Expert system (ES)
a computer system or program that uses artificial intelligence techniques to solve problems that ordinarily require a knowledgeable human. The method used to construct such systems, knowledge engineering, extracts a set of rules and data from an expert or experts through extensive questioning. This material is then organized in a format suitable for representation in a computer and a set of tools for inquiry, manipulation, and response is applied. While such systems do not often replace the human experts, they can serve as useful adjuncts or assistants.
a computer system or program that uses artificial intelligence techniques to solve problems that ordinarily require a knowledgeable human. The method used to construct such systems, knowledge engineering, extracts a set of rules and data from an expert or experts through extensive questioning. This material is then organized in a format suitable for representation in a computer and a set of tools for inquiry, manipulation, and response is applied. While such systems do not often replace the human experts, they can serve as useful adjuncts or assistants.
Expert systems imitate human experts in many different fields of expertise. Such systems contain rules (such as decision tables) that help a human answer expert questions.
Advantages of expert systems:
· The computer can store far more information than a human.
· The computer does not 'forget', make silly mistakes or get drunk when it is most needed.
· Data can be kept up-to-date.
· The expert system is always available 24 hours a day and will never 'retire'.
· The system can be used at a distance over a network.
5. Executive information System(EIS)
A type of management information system to facilitate and support the information and decision- making needs of senior executives by providing easy access to both internal and external information relevant to meeting the strategic goals of the organization.commonly considered as a specialized form of a Decision Support System
emphasize on graphical displays and easy-to-use user interfaces. offer strong reporting and drill-down capabilities.
Generally, it is a enterprise-wide DSS that help top-level executives analyze, compare, and highlight trends in important variables so that they can monitor performance and identify opportunities and problems.
The purpose was to package a company’s data and to provide sales performance or market research statistics for decision makers, such as financial officers, marketing directors, and chief executive officers, who were not necessarily well acquainted with computers.
Advantages :
ž -Easy for upper-level executives to use.
ž -Provides timely delivery of company summary information.
ž -Information that is provided is better understood.
ž -Filters data for management.
ž -Improves to tracking information.
ž -Offers efficiency to decision makers.
Disadvantages :
ž -System dependent.
ž -Limited functionality, by design.
ž -Information overload for some managers.
ž -Benefits hard to quantify.
ž -High implementation costs.
ž -System may become slow, large, and hard to manage.
ž -Need good internal processes for data management.
ž -May lead to less reliable and less secure data.
**This long-winded detailed note is for understanding only but actually it's short & simple when you understand them.
**This long-winded detailed note is for understanding only but actually it's short & simple when you understand them.
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Informative...
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